Maximum Number of Events That Can Be Attended II - Solution & Explanation

To tackle the problem efficiently, we can use a variant of the Dynamic Programming approach combined with Binary Search. The idea is to sort events by their end times, which helps in handling overlapping issues. Once sorted, for each event, we compute two scenarios: attending the event and not attending. We also use binary search to identify the last non-overlapping event when including the current one. We arrange these scenarios into a DP table where dp[i][j] represents the maximum value we can obtain by considering the first i events with at most j events attended.

The binary search facilitates a quick lookup of the previous event that can be attended before the current one without overlap. The overall complexity is reduced by leveraging efficient lookup using binary search in a sorted list of events' end times.

We start by sorting the events by their end times. Using a dynamic programming table with dimensions [eventsSize+1][k+1], we track the maximum values possible when attending up to k events. Binary search helps identify the latest non-compatible event to incorporate the new event without overlap.

Another alternative approach is to make use of Greedy reasoning combined with a Sweep-Line technique. By first sorting the events based on both start and end times, we can iterate over the events to select the maximum value events that don't overlap. When we encounter a new potential starting event that fits, we check and decide to attend based on maximizing the cumulative event value without exceeding k events.

The Python solution leverages both greedy choice and a min-heap to keep track of current events such that the events do not overlap. While introducing events from the heap, it tests viability considering the constraints, particularly the start and end days.