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This approach involves using recursive DFS to traverse the tree. At each node, determine if it is a left leaf. If it is, add its value to the sum and recursively continue to search for more left leaves in the subtree.
The time complexity is O(n) where n is the number of nodes, as we visit each node once. The space complexity is O(h), where h is the height of the tree, due to the recursive call stack.
1function TreeNode(val) {
2 this.val = val;
3 this.left = this.right = null;
4}
5
6var dfs = function(node, isLeft) {
7 if (node === null) return 0;
8 if (node.left === null && node.right === null && isLeft) return node.val;
9 return dfs(node.left, true) + dfs(node.right, false);
10};
11
12var sumOfLeftLeaves = function(root) {
13 return dfs(root, false);
14};In JavaScript, the code follows a similar structure where a helper function dfs is employed to explore the tree nodes. This function checks for left leaves and sums their values iteratively.
This approach applies iterative DFS using a stack. By exploring each node iteratively, it checks if a node qualifies as a left leaf and accumulates its value to the sum. It manages to mimic a recursive pattern iteratively.
The time complexity is O(n) for navigating each tree node once. Space complexity is O(n) due to maintaining a stack proportional to the number of nodes.
1using System.Collections.Generic;
public class TreeNode {
public int val;
public TreeNode left;
public TreeNode right;
public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
}
public class Solution {
public int SumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) return 0;
int sum = 0;
Stack<(TreeNode node, bool isLeft)> stack = new Stack<(TreeNode, bool)>();
stack.Push((root, false));
while (stack.Count > 0) {
var (node, isLeft) = stack.Pop();
if (node.left == null && node.right == null && isLeft) {
sum += node.val;
}
if (node.right != null) {
stack.Push((node.right, false));
}
if (node.left != null) {
stack.Push((node.left, true));
}
}
return sum;
}
}C# utilizes tuple usage within stack operations to manage the node traversal iteratively. Efforts revolve around ensuring all node visitation and left leaf value accumulation are vigilantly observed.