Iterative Approach: This approach involves using a loop to traverse the linked list and reverse the direction of the next pointers at each step. Start with three pointers: prev as null, curr as the head of the list, and nxt to temporarily store the next node. In each iteration, change the curr.next to prev, move prev to curr, and curr to nxt. The loop ends when curr becomes null, with prev being the new head.
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of nodes in the linked list because each node is processed once.
Space Complexity: O(1) as it uses only a constant amount of space.
1#include <stdio.h>
2#include <stdlib.h>
3
4struct ListNode {
5 int val;
6 struct ListNode* next;
7};
8
9struct ListNode* reverseList(struct ListNode* head) {
10 struct ListNode* prev = NULL;
11 struct ListNode* curr = head;
12 struct ListNode* nxt = NULL;
13 while (curr != NULL) {
14 nxt = curr->next;
15 curr->next = prev;
16 prev = curr;
17 curr = nxt;
18 }
19 return prev;
20}In this C implementation, three pointers are utilized: prev, curr, and nxt. Initially, prev is NULL while curr points to the head. A loop runs until curr is NULL. Inside the loop, nxt stores the next node, then curr->next is set to prev to reverse the pointer, and prev is moved to curr, curr to nxt.
Recursive Approach: In this method, you move to the end of the list via recursive calls while reversing the next pointers on the way back. The base case for the recursion is when the list is empty or when it contains only one node. In each call, move to the next node, reverse the rest of the list, use the next pointer's next field to point to the current node, and finally return the head of the reversed list.
Time Complexity: O(n), due to n recursive calls.
Space Complexity: O(n), for stack space in recursion.
1#include <iostream>
2using namespace std;
3
4struct ListNode {
5 int val;
6 ListNode* next;
7 ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
8};
9
10ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
11 if (!head || !head->next) return head;
12 ListNode* p = reverseList(head->next);
13 head->next->next = head;
14 head->next = NULL;
15 return p;
16}This C++ implementation uses recursion to reach the end of the list, then reverses the pointers as the recursive stack unwinds, effectively reversing each connection in the list.