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This approach utilizes recursion to traverse the N-ary tree in a postorder fashion. For each node, we recursively visit all its children first before processing the node itself.
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of nodes, as each node is visited once.
Space Complexity: O(n) for the recursion stack in the worst case (maximum tree height).
1#include <stdio.h>
2#include <stdlib.h>
3
4struct Node {
5 int val;
6 int numChildren;
7 struct Node** children;
8};
9
10void postorderHelper(struct Node* root, int* returnSize, int* result) {
11 if (root == NULL) return;
12 for (int i = 0; i < root->numChildren; i++) {
13 postorderHelper(root->children[i], returnSize, result);
14 }
15 result[(*returnSize)++] = root->val;
16}
17
18int* postorder(struct Node* root, int* returnSize) {
19 int* result = (int*)malloc(10000 * sizeof(int));
20 *returnSize = 0;
21 postorderHelper(root, returnSize, result);
22 return result;
23}
24This implementation defines a helper function postorderHelper that performs the recursive traversal. The function visits each child of the current node before appending the node's value to the result array. The main function postorder initializes the result array and calls the helper function.
This approach uses an iterative method to perform postorder traversal with the help of a stack to simulate recursion. Nodes are pushed onto the stack in such a way that their children are processed before the node itself.
Time Complexity: O(n)
Space Complexity: O(n)
1import
In Java, we manage the postorder traversal with a stack and a linked list to prepend node values. Nodes are pushed onto the stack, processed by visiting children first, and added to the list in reverse order. The use of addFirst ensures that the values appear in postorder upon completion.