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This approach uses a Breadth-First Search (BFS) algorithm to explore each group of farmland on the matrix.
Starting from a farmland cell (1), the BFS can be used to explore all connected cells that belong to the same group, thereby finding the bottom-right corner of that group. Use a queue to facilitate the exploration of individual farmlands.
Mark cells as visited as you explore them to ensure each cell is processed only once.
Time Complexity: O(m * n), as each cell is visited at most once.
Space Complexity: O(m * n) in the worst case due to additional space used for storing visited cells and the queue.
1var findFarmland = function(land) {
2 const m = land.length;
3 const n = land[0].length;
4 const visited = Array.from({ length: m }, () => Array(n).fill(false));
5 const results = [];
6
7 function bfs(row, col) {
8 const queue = [[row, col]];
9 let maxRow = row, maxCol = col;
10 visited[row][col] = true;
11
12 while (queue.length) {
13 const [r, c] = queue.shift();
14 maxRow = Math.max(maxRow, r);
15 maxCol = Math.max(maxCol, c);
16
17 const directions = [[0, 1], [1, 0]];
18 for (const [dr, dc] of directions) {
19 const newRow = r + dr, newCol = c + dc;
20 if (newRow < m && newCol < n && land[newRow][newCol] === 1 && !visited[newRow][newCol]) {
21 visited[newRow][newCol] = true;
22 queue.push([newRow, newCol]);
23 }
24 }
25 }
26 results.push([row, col, maxRow, maxCol]);
27 }
28
29 for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {
30 for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
31 if (land[i][j] === 1 && !visited[i][j]) {
32 bfs(i, j);
33 }
34 }
35 }
36
37 return results;
38};
JavaScript version applies BFS similarly, using a queue to handle the traversal. It explores right and downward neighbors to extend the range of farmland.
This approach implements a Union-Find (also called Disjoint Set Union) data structure to efficiently group farmland cells together. After processing all connections, each cell will belong to a group denoted by its root, and by traversing all cells, we can identify the top-left and bottom-right corners of each group.
Time Complexity: O(m * n * α(n)), with α being the inverse Ackermann function, which grows very slowly, making this almost O(m * n).
Space Complexity: O(m * n) due to storage for parents and ranks of each cell.
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class Solution {
public int[][] FindFarmland(int[][] land) {
int m = land.Length, n = land[0].Length;
int[] parent = new int[m * n];
int[] rank = new int[m * n];
for (int i = 0; i < m * n; i++) {
parent[i] = i;
}
int Find(int x) {
if (parent[x] != x) {
parent[x] = Find(parent[x]);
}
return parent[x];
}
void Union(int x, int y) {
int rootX = Find(x);
int rootY = Find(y);
if (rootX != rootY) {
if (rank[rootX] > rank[rootY]) {
parent[rootY] = rootX;
} else if (rank[rootX] < rank[rootY]) {
parent[rootX] = rootY;
} else {
parent[rootY] = rootX;
rank[rootX]++;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (land[i][j] == 1) {
int index = i * n + j;
if (i > 0 && land[i-1][j] == 1) {
Union(index, (i-1) * n + j);
}
if (j > 0 && land[i][j-1] == 1) {
Union(index, i * n + (j-1));
}
}
}
}
var bounds = new Dictionary<int, int[]>();
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (land[i][j] == 1) {
int root = Find(i * n + j);
if (!bounds.ContainsKey(root)) {
bounds[root] = new int[] { i, j, i, j };
} else {
bounds[root][0] = Math.Min(bounds[root][0], i);
bounds[root][1] = Math.Min(bounds[root][1], j);
bounds[root][2] = Math.Max(bounds[root][2], i);
bounds[root][3] = Math.Max(bounds[root][3], j);
}
}
}
}
var result = new List<int[]>(bounds.Values);
return result.ToArray();
}
}
This C# solution leverages the efficiency of Union-Find for connecting farmland components: post-processing yields the corners per component for output.