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In this approach, we use a closure to maintain the state across multiple calls to the counter function. The closure lets us keep track of the last counted value between function calls.
Time Complexity: O(1) per call.
Space Complexity: O(1) for maintaining the state.
1function JavaScript makes use of closures to maintain the state. The counter function is generated by createCounter, and it retains access to the variable n from its creation environment, allowing it to increment and return the value of n on each call.
This approach uses object-oriented programming to keep track of the counter's state across multiple invocations by encapsulating the state within a class instance.
Time Complexity: O(1) per call.
Space Complexity: O(1) for the instance state.
1class Counter {
2 private int count;
3
4 public Counter(int n) {
5 this.count = n;
6 }
7
8 public int call() {
9 return count++;
10 }
11}A Java class maintains the counter state with an instance variable. The call method provides the required functionality of returning and incrementing the private state.