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In this approach, we use a closure to maintain the state across multiple calls to the counter function. The closure lets us keep track of the last counted value between function calls.
Time Complexity: O(1) per call.
Space Complexity: O(1) for maintaining the state.
1#include <functional>
2
std::function<int(void)> createCounter(int n) {
return [n]() mutable { return n++; };
}C++ leverages lambda expressions with a mutable keyword to allow modification of captured variables. Here, n is passed by value to the lambda, making it mutable so it can be incremented and returned each call.
This approach uses object-oriented programming to keep track of the counter's state across multiple invocations by encapsulating the state within a class instance.
Time Complexity: O(1) per call.
Space Complexity: O(1) for the instance state.
1class Counter:
2 def __init__(self, n):
3 self.count = n
4
5 def __call__(self):
6 current = self.count
7 self.count += 1
8 return currentThis Python solution utilizes a class where the count is maintained as an instance variable. Calling the instance returns the current count, increments it, and stores the new state.