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In this approach, we use a closure to maintain the state across multiple calls to the counter function. The closure lets us keep track of the last counted value between function calls.
Time Complexity: O(1) per call.
Space Complexity: O(1) for maintaining the state.
1public class Counter {
2 public static System.Func<int> CreateCounter(int n) {
return () => n++;
}
}C# uses a delegate or lambda to preserve the state. The CreateCounter function returns a lambda that captures the variable n, allowing it to be incremented and returned on each call to the lambda.
This approach uses object-oriented programming to keep track of the counter's state across multiple invocations by encapsulating the state within a class instance.
Time Complexity: O(1) per call.
Space Complexity: O(1) for the instance state.
1class Counter {
2 private int count;
3
4 public Counter(int n) {
5 this.count = n;
6 }
7
8 public int call() {
9 return count++;
10 }
11}A Java class maintains the counter state with an instance variable. The call method provides the required functionality of returning and incrementing the private state.